13.2.1. Installation of the kernel
Building the kernel involves a few steps—configuration,
compilation, and installation. Read the README file in the kernel source tree for
alternative methods to the way this book configures the kernel.
Apply the latest Linux sublevel patch:
xzcat ../patch-3.14.21.xz | patch -Np1 -i -
Prepare for compilation by running the following command:
make mrproper
This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The kernel
team recommends that this command be issued prior to each kernel
compilation. Do not rely on the source tree being clean after
un-tarring.
![[Note]](../images/note.png)
Note
A good starting place for setting up the kernel configuration is
to run make
defconfig. This will set the base configuration
to a good state that takes your current system architecture into
account.
Be sure to configure the following options as shown, or the
system might not work correctly or boot at all. Refer to
/usr/share/doc/systemd-213/README:
General setup --->
[*] open by fhandle syscalls (CONFIG_FHANDLE)
[ ] Auditing support (CONFIG_AUDIT)
[*] Control Group support (CONFIG_CGROUPS)
Processor type and features --->
[*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode (CONFIG_SECCOMP)
Networking support --->
Networking options --->
<*> The IPv6 protocol (CONFIG_IPV6)
Device Drivers --->
Generic Driver Options --->
() path to uevent helper (CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH)
[*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev (CONFIG_DEVTMPFS)
[ ] Fallback user-helper invocation for firmware loading (CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER)
File systems --->
[*] Inotify support for userspace (CONFIG_FSNOTIFY)
<*> Kernel automounter version 4 support (also supports v3) (CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS)
Pseudo filesystems --->
[*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists (CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL)
[*] Tmpfs extended attributes (CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR)
Firmware Drivers --->
EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) Support --->
<*> EFI Variable Support via sysfs (CONFIG_EFI_VARS)
-*- Enable the block layer ---> (CONFIG_BLOCK)
Partition Types --->
[*] Advanced partition selection (CONFIG_PARTITION_ADVANCED)
[*] EFI GUID Partition support (CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION)
Kernel Hacking --->
[*] Collect scheduler debugging info (CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG)
[*] Collect scheduler statistics (CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS)
Note
While "The IPv6 Protocol" is not strictly required, it is highly
recommended by the Systemd developers. "EFI Variable support" and
"EFI GUID Partition support" are for UEFI systems. "Collect
scheduler debugging info" and "Collect scheduler statistics" is
for systemd-bootchart.
Configure the kernel via a menu-driven interface. CBLFS has some
information regarding particular kernel configuration requirements
of packages outside of CLFS at http://cblfs.cross-lfs.org/:
make menuconfig
Alternatively, make
oldconfig may be more appropriate in some
situations. See the README file for
more information.
![[Warning]](../images/warning.png)
Warning
If you are using an existing config in which the ARCH was
specified as ppc (instead of
powerpc), you will have to run
make menuconfig
after make
oldconfig and manually select many of the
mac-specific options for ide and input.
If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel config
file, .config, from the host system
(assuming it is available) to the root directory of the unpacked
kernel sources. However, we do not recommend this option. It is
often better to explore all the configuration menus and create the
kernel configuration from scratch.
Compile the kernel image and modules:
make
If using kernel modules, a configuration file in /etc/modprobe.d file may be needed. Information
pertaining to modules and kernel configuration is located in the
kernel documentation in the Documentation directory of the kernel sources
tree. Also, modprobe.d(5) may be of
interest.
Install the modules, if the kernel configuration uses them:
make modules_install
Install the firmware, if the kernel configuration uses them:
make firmware_install
After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are required
to complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to the
/boot directory.
Issue the following command to install the kernel:
cp -v vmlinux /boot/clfskernel-3.14.21
System.map is a symbol file for the
kernel. It maps the function entry points of every function in the
kernel API, as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures
for the running kernel. Issue the following command to install the
map file:
cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-3.14.21
The kernel configuration file .config
produced by the make
menuconfig step above contains all the
configuration selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It
is a good idea to keep this file for future reference:
cp -v .config /boot/config-3.14.21
It is important to note that the files in the kernel source
directory are not owned by root.
Whenever a package is unpacked as user root (like we do inside the final-system build
environment), the files have the user and group IDs of whatever
they were on the packager's computer. This is usually not a problem
for any other package to be installed because the source tree is
removed after the installation. However, the Linux source tree is
often retained for a long time. Because of this, there is a chance
that whatever user ID the packager used will be assigned to
somebody on the machine. That person would then have write access
to the kernel source.
If the kernel source tree is going to retained, run chown -R 0:0 on the linux-3.14 directory to ensure all files are
owned by user root.
Warning
Some kernel documentation recommends creating a symlink from
/usr/src/linux pointing to the
kernel source directory. This is specific to kernels prior to the
2.6 series and must not be
created on a CLFS system as it can cause problems for packages
you may wish to build once your base CLFS system is complete.
Also, the headers in the system's include directory should always be the ones against which Glibc
was compiled and should never be replaced by headers from a
different kernel version.